Lymphatic System Test Questions And Answers Pdf


  • Which of the following are known as large granular lumphocytes and attack foreign cells, normal cells infected with viruses, and cancer cells that appear in normal tissues? Cytotoxic T cells.
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  • The lymphatic system is a network of delicate tubes throughout the body. It drains fluid called lymph that has leaked from the blood vessels into the tissues and empties it back into the bloodstream via the lymph nodes. The main roles of the...
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  • When the lymphatic system does not drain fluids from the tissues properly, the tissues swell, appearing puffy and uncomfortable. If the swelling only lasts for a short period it is called oedema. If it lasts longer more than about three months it is called lymphoedema. Lymphatic vessels The lymphatic vessels are found everywhere in our body. Generally, more active areas have more of them. The smaller lymphatic vessels, which take up the fluids, are called lymph capillaries. The larger lymphatic vessels have muscles in their walls which helps them gently and slowly pulsate. These larger lymphatic vessels also have valves that stop the lymph flowing back the wrong way. Lymph vessels take the lymph back to the lymph nodes there are about of these in total , which are found in our arm pit and groin as well as many other areas of the body such as the mouth, throat and intestines. The fluid that arrives in the lymph nodes is checked and filtered. Most of it continues on to where the lymphatic system from most of our body the left arm, tummy, chest, and legs empties out at the left shoulder area.
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  • Lymph from the right arm and face and part of the right chest empties into the blood at the right shoulder area. Spleen The spleen is located in the abdominal tummy area on the left side, just under the diaphragm. It is the largest of our lymphatic organs. The spleen does many things as it filters and monitors our blood. As well as removing microbes, the spleen also destroys old or damaged red blood cells. It can also help in increasing blood volume quickly if a person loses a lot of blood. Thymus The thymus is inside the ribcage, just behind the breastbone. It filters and monitors our blood content. It produces cells called T-lymphocytes which circulate around the body. These cells are important for cell mediated response to an immune challenge, such as may occur when we have an infection.
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  • Other lymphoid tissue Much of our digestive and respiratory system is lined with lymphatic tissue. This lymphatic tissue plays a very important role in the defence of our body. Lymph nodes Lymph nodes are filters. They are found at various points around the body, including the throat, armpits, chest, abdomen and groin. Generally they are in chains or groups All are imbedded in fatty tissue and lie close to veins and arteries. Lymph nodes have a wide range of functions but are generally associated with body defence. Bacteria or their products picked up from the tissues by cells called macrophages, or those that flow into the lymph, are forced to percolate through the lymph nodes. There, white blood cells called lymphocytes can attack and kill the bacteria. Viruses and cancer cells are also trapped and destroyed in the lymph nodes.
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  • More lymphocytes are produced when you have an infection. That is why your lymph nodes tend to swell when you have an infection. Common problems involving the lymphatic system Common problems involving the lymphatic system can be separated into those related to: infection destruction or damage to the lymphatic system or its nodes. Those related to malformation or destruction or damage to the lymphatic system or its nodes include: primary lymphoedema — when the lymphatic system has not formed properly.
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  • May present as a limb or part body swelling at birth, or may develop at puberty or later in life secondary lymphoedema — When the lymphatic system is damaged by surgery or radiotherapy associated with the treatment of cancer, when the soft tissues are damaged by trauma, or when the lymphatic system has some other cause of structural or functional impairment. This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by: This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by: Give feedback about this page Was this page helpful?
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  • This activity contains 30 questions. In addition to its lymphoid function, this organ holds a reservoir of platelets. This structure, attached to the cecum, is in an ideal location to destroy bacteria before they breach the intestinal wall. What lymphatic structure absorbs excess tissue fluid? What lymphatic structure absorbs lipids in the intestine? What lymphatic structures trap bacteria in the posterior oral cavity? Which of the following are located in the spleen's white pulp? Which sequence best describes the flow of lymph through the lymphatic system? Which statement below describes the lymphatic system's role in relation to the cardiovascular system? Which statement is true of the thoracic duct? Which statement is true about lymph nodes? Which of the following best describes the arrangement of lymphatic vessels? Which of the following is the major lymphoid organ that "trains" T lymphocytes to become immunocompetent?
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  • Which of the following are the principal lymphoid organs in the body? Which of the following vessels transport fluid that leaks from the vascular system back into the blood?
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  • This activity contains 30 questions. In addition to its lymphoid function, this organ holds a reservoir of platelets. This structure, attached to the cecum, is in an ideal location to destroy bacteria before they breach the intestinal wall. What lymphatic structure absorbs excess tissue fluid? What lymphatic structure absorbs lipids in the intestine? What lymphatic structures trap bacteria in the posterior oral cavity? Which of the following are located in the spleen's white pulp?
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  • Which sequence best describes the flow of lymph through the lymphatic system? Which statement below describes the lymphatic system's role in relation to the cardiovascular system? Which statement is true of the thoracic duct? Which statement is true about lymph nodes? Which of the following best describes the arrangement of lymphatic vessels? Which of the following is the major lymphoid organ that "trains" T lymphocytes to become immunocompetent? Which of the following are the principal lymphoid organs in the body? Which of the following vessels transport fluid that leaks from the vascular system back into the blood?
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  • Functions of the Lymphatic System The functions of the lymphatic system are: Fluid balance. The lymphatic vessels transport back to the blood fluids that have escaped from the blood vascular system. About 30 liters L of fluid pass from the blood capillaries into the interstitial spaces each day, whereas only 27 L pass from the interstitial spaces back into the blood capillaries. If the extra 3 L of interstitial fluid remained in the interstitial spaces, edema would result, causing tissue damage and eventually death.
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  • The remaining fluid enters the lymphatic capillaries, where the fluid is called lymph. Fat absorption. The lymphatic system absorbs fats and other substances from the digestive tract. Lacteals are special lymphatic vessels located in the lining of the small intestine. Fats enter the lacteals and pass through the lymphatic vessels to the venous circulation. The lymphoid tissues and organs house phagocytic cells and lymphocytes, which play essential roles in body defense and resistance to disease. Anatomy of the Lymphatic System The lymphatic system actually consists of two semi-independent parts: 1 a meandering network of lymphatic vessels and 2 various lymphoid tissues and organs scattered throughout the body. Lymphatic Vessels The function of the lymphatic vessels is to form an elaborate drainage system that picks up excess tissue fluid, now called lymph.
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  • The lymphatic system is a network of tissues, vessels and organs that work together to move lymph back into your your bloodstream. The lymphatic system is part of your immune system. What is the lymphatic system? The lymphatic system is a network of tissues, vessels and organs that work together to move a colorless, watery fluid called lymph back into your circulatory system your bloodstream. The lymphatic system collects this excess fluid, now called lymph, from tissues in your body and moves it along until it ultimately returns it to your bloodstream. Your lymphatic system actually has many functions. Its key functions include: Maintains fluid levels in your body: As just described, the lymphatic system collects excess fluid that drains from cells and tissue throughout the body and returns it to the bloodstream, which is then recirculated through the body. Absorbs fats from the digestive tract: Lymph includes fluids from the intestines that contain fats and proteins and transports it back to the bloodstream.
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  • Protects your body against foreign invaders: The lymphatic system is part of the immune system. It produces and releases lymphocytes white blood cells and other immune cells that monitor and then destroy the foreign invaders — such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi — that enter the body. Transports and removes waste products and abnormal cells from the lymph. What are the parts of the lymphatic system? The lymphatic system consists of many parts. These include: Lymph: Lymph, also called lymphatic fluid, is a collection of the extra fluid that drains from cells and tissues that is not reabsorbed into the capillaries plus other substances. The other substances include proteins, minerals, fats, nutrients, damaged cells, cancer cells and foreign invaders bacteria, viruses, etc. Lymph also transports infection-fighting white blood cells lymphocytes. Lymph nodes: Lymph nodes are bean-shaped glands that monitor and cleanse the lymph as it filters through them.
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  • The nodes filter out the damaged cells and cancer cells. These lymph nodes also produce and store lymphocytes and other immune system cells that attack and destroy bacteria and other harmful substances in the fluid. You have about lymph nodes scattered throughout your body. Some exist as a single node; others are closely connected groups called chains. A few of the more familiar locations of lymph nodes are in your armpit, groin and neck. Lymph nodes are connected to others by the lymphatic vessels. Lymphatic vessels collect and filter lymph at the nodes as it continues to move toward larger vessels called collecting ducts. These vessels operate very much like your veins do: they work under very low pressure, have a series of valves in them to keep the fluid moving in one direction. Collecting ducts: Lymphatic vessels empty the lymph into the right lymphatic duct and left lymphatic duct also called the thoracic duct. These ducts connect to the subclavian vein, which returns lymph to your bloodstream.
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  • The subclavian vein runs below your collarbone. Returning lymph to the bloodstream helps to maintain normal blood volume and pressure. It also prevents the excess buildup of fluid around the tissues called edema. The lymphatic system collects excess fluid that drains from cells and tissue throughout the body and returns it to the bloodstream, which is then recirculated through the body. Spleen: This largest lymphatic organ is located on your left side under your ribs and above your stomach. The spleen filters and stores blood and produces white blood cells that fight infection or disease. Thymus: This organ is located in the upper chest beneath the breast bone. It matures a specific type of white blood cell that fights off foreign organisms. Tonsils and adenoid: These lymphoid organs trap pathogens from the food you eat and air you breathe. Bone marrow: This is the soft, spongy tissue in the center of certain bones, such as the hip bone and breastbone.
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  • White blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets are made in the bone marrow. These lymphoid cells monitor and destroy bacteria in the intestines. Appendix: Your appendix contains lymphoid tissue that can destroy bacteria before it breaches the intestine wall during absorption. What conditions affect the lymphatic system? Many conditions can affect the vessels, glands, and organs that make up the lymphatic system. Some happen during development before birth or during childhood. Others develop as a result of disease or injury. Some common and less common diseases and disorders of the lymphatic system include: Enlarged swollen lymph nodes lymphadenopathy : Enlarged lymph nodes are caused by infection, inflammation or cancer.
    Link: https://bmcgenomdata.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2156-6-S1-S62
  • Common infections that can cause enlarged lymph nodes include strep throat, mononucleosis, HIV infection and infected skin wounds. Lymphadenitis refers to lymphadenopathy that is caused from an infection or inflammatory condition. Swelling or accumulation of fluid lymphedema : Lymphedema can result from a blockage in the lymphatic system caused by scar tissue from damaged lymph vessels or nodes. The buildup of lymphatic fluid is most commonly seen in the arms and legs. Lymphedema can be very mild or be quite painful, disfiguring and disabling. People with lymphedema are at risk for serious and potentially life-threatening deep skin infections. Cancers of the lymphatic system: Lymphoma is cancer of the lymph nodes and occurs when lymphocytes grow and multiply uncontrollably. Cancerous tumors can also block lymphatic ducts or be near lymph nodes and interfere with the flow of lymph through the node.
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  • Other disorders include: Lymphangitis: This is an inflammation of the lymph vessels. Lymphangioma: This is a condition that you are born with. Lymphangiomatosis is the presence of multiple or widespread lymphatic vascular malformations. Intestinal lymphangiectasia: This is a condition in which loss of lymph tissue in the small intestine leads to loss of protein, gammaglobulins, albumin and lymphocytes. Lymphocytosis: This is a condition in which there is a higher-than-normal amount of lymphocytes in the body. Lymphatic filariasis: This is an infection caused by a parasite that causes the lymphatic system not to function correctly. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: This is a rare lung disease in which abnormal muscle-like cells begin to grow out of control in the lungs, lymph nodes and kidneys.
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  • Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: This is a rare genetic disorder in which there is a high number of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, liver and spleen. Mesenteric lymphadenitis: This is an inflammation of the lymph nodes in the abdomen. Tonsillitis: This is an inflammation and infection of the tonsils. How can I keep my lymphatic system healthy? To keep your lymphatic system strong and healthy, you should: Avoid exposure to toxic chemicals like those in pesticides or cleaning products. These chemicals can build up in your system and make it harder for your body to filter waste. Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated so lymph can easily move throughout the body. Maintain a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise and a healthy diet. When should I call my doctor about an issue with my lymphatic system? Call your doctor if you experience fatigue extreme tiredness or have unexplained swelling that lasts more than a few weeks or interferes with your daily activities.
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  • How will my doctor test my lymphatic system? To see if your lymphatic system is working as it should, your doctor may use imaging tests such as a CT scan or MRI. These tests allow your doctor to see blockages in your lymphatic system.
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  • Anatomy and Physiology Answers 1. A: The immune system consists of the lymphatic system, spleen, tonsils, thymus, and bone marrow. A: A chloroplast is an example of tissue. A liver is an organ, a mammal is a type of organism, and a hamstring is a muscle. B: The adrenal glands are part of the endocrine system. They sit on the kidneys and produce hormones that regulate salt and water balance and influence blood pressure and heart rate. C: Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. One of the primary functions of melatonin is regulation of the circadian cycle, which is the rhythm of sleep and wakefulness. Insulin helps regulate the amount of glucose in the blood. Without insulin, the body is unable to convert blood sugar into energy. Testosterone is the main hormone produced by the testes; it is responsible for the development of adult male sex characteristics.
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  • Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, performs a number of functions, including quickening and strengthening of the heartbeat and dilation of the bronchioles. Epinephrine is one of the hormones secreted when the body senses danger. C: There are 11 organ systems in the human body. B: The brain is part of the nervous system. A: There are four basic tissue types in humans: epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular. C: The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-depleted blood from the heart to the lungs, where CO2 is released and the supply of oxygen is replenished. This blood then returns to the heart through the pulmonary artery and is carried through the aorta and a series of branching arteries to the capillaries, where the bulk of gas exchange with the tissues occurs.
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  • Oxygen-depleted blood returns to the heart through branching veins the femoral veins bring it from the legs into the vena cava, which carries it again to the heart. A: The digestion of starch begins with its exposure to the enzyme amylase, which is present in saliva. Amylase attacks the glycosidic bonds in starch, cleaving them to release sugars. This is the reason why some starchy foods may taste sweet if they are chewed extensively. Another form of amylase is produced by the pancreas and continues the digestion of starches in the upper intestine.
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  • Lymph fluid would build up and cause swelling if it were not drained in some way. Lymph vessels draw up the lymph fluid from around the cells to send it towards the chest. There, lymph fluid collects into a large vessel that drains into a blood vessel near the heart. Lymph nodes and what they do Lymph vessels send lymph fluid through nodes throughout the body. Lymph nodes are small structures that work as filters for foreign substances, such as cancer cells and infections. They contain immune cells that can help fight infection by attacking and destroying germs that are carried in through the lymph fluid.
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  • Lymph nodes are located in many parts of the body, including the neck, armpit, chest, abdomen belly , and groin. There are hundreds of lymph nodes throughout the body. Each lymph node filters the fluid and substances picked up by the vessels that lead to it. Lymph fluid from the fingers, for instance, works its way toward the chest, joining fluid from the arm. This fluid may filter through lymph nodes at the elbow, or those under the arm. Fluid from the head, scalp, and face flows down through lymph nodes in the neck. Some lymph nodes are deep inside the body, such as between the lungs or around the bowel, to filter fluid in those areas. Swollen lymph nodes lymphadenopathy tell you that something is not right, but other symptoms help pinpoint the problem.
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  • For instance, ear pain, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes near your ear are clues that you may have an ear infection or cold. Some areas where lymph nodes commonly swell are in the neck, groin, and underarms. In most cases, only one area of nodes swells at a time. Some infections such as strep throat and chicken pox , certain medicines, immune system diseases, and cancers like lymphoma and leukemia can cause this kind of swelling. Your health care provider will look for more information to figure out the cause of the swelling. Lymph node swelling is often caused by something other than cancer. Cancer in the lymph nodes Cancer can appear in the lymph nodes in 2 ways: it can either start there or it can spread there from somewhere else. Cancer that starts in the lymph nodes is called lymphoma. More often, cancer starts somewhere else and then spreads to lymph nodes.
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